Method and apparatus for rapid search for agricultural parcels and generation of relevant search results

ABSTRACT

An automated method for search and generation of relevant search results includes: receiving both discrete parameters and freeform search characters input by a user; simultaneously searching a first freeform entry source and a second freeform entry source to obtain corresponding first and second suggested freeform entries; ranking the first suggested freeform entries according to first rules of relevancy to the user, and generating first ranked suggested freeform entries; ranking the second suggested freeform entries according to second rules of relevancy to the user, and generating second ranked suggested freeform entries; combining the first and second ranked freeform entries into a combined set of suggested freeform entries, and ranking the combined set of suggested freeform entries according to combined rules of relevancy to the user, and generating combined ranked suggested freeform entries; and transmitting the combined ranked suggested freeform entries to the user for selection of a desired type ahead entry.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is related to the following co-pending U.S. patentapplications, each of which has a common assignee and common inventors,the entireties of which are herein incorporated by reference.

SERIAL FILING NUMBER DATE TITLE (CIBO.2008)      METHOD AND APPARATUSFOR GENERATION AND PROMOTION OF TYPE AHEAD RESULTS IN A MULTI-SOURCEAGRICULTURAL PARCEL SEARCH (CIBO.2009)      VIEWPORT LOCATION BASEDMETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATION AND PROMOTION OF TYPE AHEAD RESULTSIN A MULTI-SOURCE AGRICULTURAL PARCEL SEARCH

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

This invention relates in general to the field of large-scale queries,and more specifically to methods and apparatus for rapid search foragricultural parcels and generation of relevant search results.

Description of the Related Art

The marketing and valuation of real property has consistently been atissue, though free market capitalism serves to easily resolve thevaluation problem for residential and commercial properties. As oneskilled in the art will appreciate, values for residential andcommercial properties are generally based upon recent sales and taxassessments for similar surrounding properties. In a general sense,houses are houses and buildings are buildings. Houses have bedrooms,bathrooms, kitchens, garages, porches, and other features. Likewise,buildings have offices, parking, and conference rooms. Some propertiesare newer; some are older. As one skilled in the art will appreciate,because similar properties have a specific use—families live in housesand workers work in offices—the value of a given property is generallydetermined primarily by the cost per square foot of surroundingproperties of similar quality.

Whereas the marketing of residential and commercial properties wasformerly exclusively performed by realtors who had exclusive access tomultiple-listing services, since the advent of online services such asZillow, Redfin, Reonomy, and LoopNet, user-friendly portals have beenprovided that enable buyers to enter a small set of common searchparameters (e.g., zip code, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, lower andupper valuations, etc.) for properties and access reports for propertiesresulting from the search that provide estimated values along with asignificant amount of other helpful information. This information mayinclude pictures, drawings, descriptions, reviews of the properties,school district information, shopping that is close by, publictransportation access, etc.

This disclosure considers a different type of property, namely land thatis used for agricultural purposes. In a broad sense, an agriculturalparcel is land that is worked for profit, and the type of work performedon a parcel may include the growing of crops (e.g., corn, soy, wheat,timber), raising of livestock (e.g., chickens, cattle, pigs, fish), orthe extraction of products from livestock (e.g., dairies, egg farms). Assuch, it is not as easy to estimate the value of a particularagricultural parcel using comparable sales prices alone, for the valueof the particular parcel is highly correlated with the unique propertiesof that parcel that support the parcel's ability to be profitable. Asone skilled in the art will appreciate, the profitability ofagricultural parcels is a function of weather conditions, location andtopography, how the productive activities have been previously managed,and how the productive activities are currently managed. The skilledartisan will also appreciate that there is plethora of information ofthis sort that is both publicly available, and thus a singleagricultural parcel may have fifty or more properties (i.e., features)that characterize the parcel and which may be used to compare it withother parcels. In addition to geographic properties, other featureproperties may include, but are not limited to, total acreage, tillableacreage, assessed value per acre, tax amount per acre, market value peracre, productivity metrics, distance from water, operating practices,historical crop types, stability metrics, historical managementpractices, irrigation practices, etc.

Because of the substantial number of properties that are required tocharacterize agricultural parcels, providing users of an automatedsearch system with the ability to rapidly search for parcels thatsatisfy multiple geographic and feature properties in a manner that isscalable is a significant challenge which the present inventors havenoted. With over 15 million agricultural parcels within the continentalUnited States alone, as one skilled in the art will appreciate, toperform an automated multiple property search of these parcels wouldresult in latencies that are unacceptable for both type ahead resultsfrom freeform property entries and display of subsequent query results.

Accordingly, what is needed is an automated method and apparatus tosearch for agricultural parcels that is significantly faster than thatwhich has heretofore been provided.

In addition, what is needed is a method and apparatus for generation andpromotion of type ahead results in a multi-source agricultural parcelsearch.

What is furthermore needed is a viewport location based method andapparatus for generation and promotion of type ahead results in amulti-source agricultural parcel search.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention, among other applications, is directed to solvingthe above-noted problems and addresses other problems, disadvantages,and limitations of the prior art by providing a superior technique forrapidly searching an automated agricultural parcel database system. Inone embodiment, an automated method for search and generation ofrelevant search results is provided, the method comprising: receivingboth discrete parameters and freeform search characters input by a user;simultaneously searching a first freeform entry source and a secondfreeform entry source to obtain corresponding first suggested freeformentries and second suggested freeform entries; ranking the firstsuggested freeform entries according to first rules of relevancy to theuser, and generating first ranked suggested freeform entries; rankingthe second suggested freeform entries according to second rules ofrelevancy to the user, and generating second ranked suggested freeformentries; combining the first and second ranked suggested freeformentries into a combined set of suggested freeform entries, and rankingthe combined set of suggested freeform entries according to combinedrules of relevancy to the user, and generating combined ranked suggestedfreeform entries; and transmitting the combined ranked suggestedfreeform entries to the user for selection of a desired type aheadentry.

One aspect of the present invention contemplates a computer-readablestorage medium storing program instructions that, when executed by acomputer, cause the computer to perform an automated method for searchand generation of relevant search results, the method comprising:receiving both discrete parameters and freeform search characters inputby a user; simultaneously searching a first freeform entry source and asecond freeform entry source to obtain corresponding first suggestedfreeform entries and second suggested freeform entries; ranking thefirst suggested freeform entries according to first rules of relevancyto the user, and generating first ranked suggested freeform entries;ranking the second suggested freeform entries according to second rulesof relevancy to the user, and generating second ranked suggestedfreeform entries; combining the first and second ranked suggestedfreeform entries into a combined set of suggested freeform entries, andranking the combined set of suggested freeform entries according tocombined rules of relevancy to the user, and generating combined rankedsuggested freeform entries; and transmitting the combined rankedsuggested freeform entries to the user for selection of a desired typeahead entry.

Another aspect of the present invention comprehends an automated systemfor search and generation of relevant search results, the automatedsystem comprising: a search component, configured to receive bothdiscrete parameters and freeform search characters from a user interfacecomponent, where the discrete parameters and the freeform searchcharacters are entered by a user, the search component comprising: afirst freeform entry source and a second freeform entry source, wherethe search component directs the first freeform entry source and thesecond freeform entry source to simultaneously obtain correspondingfirst suggested freeform entries and second suggested freeform entries;and a relevancy controller, coupled to the first and second freeformentry sources, configured to rank the first suggested freeform entriesaccording to first rules of relevancy to the user to generate firstranked suggested freeform entries, and configured to rank the secondsuggested freeform entries according to second rules of relevancy to theuser to generate second ranked suggested freeform entries, andconfigured to combine the first and second ranked suggested freeformentries into a combined set of suggested freeform entries, andconfigured to rank the combined set of suggested freeform entriesaccording to combined rules of relevancy to the user to generatecombined ranked suggested freeform entries, and configured to transmitthe combined ranked suggested freeform entries to the user interfacecomponent for selection of a desired type ahead entry by the user.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other objects, features, and advantages of the presentinvention will become better understood with regard to the followingdescription and accompanying drawings where:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an agricultural parcel search andvaluation system according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting an exemplary schema for a parceldatabase according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram featuring a presentation processor accordingto the present invention, such as may be employed in the system of FIG.1;

FIG. 4 is a flow diagram showing a method for search and presentation ofrelevant results according to the present invention, such as may beemployed by the presentation processor of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a relevancy scoring method fortype ahead results, such as may be employed by the presentationprocessor of FIG. 3 and the method of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating an agricultural valuation serveraccording to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a block diagram depicting a client device according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 8 is a diagram detailing an exemplary display provided to a clientdevice showing search results (parcels) having valuations greater than$6,000 per acre, where the results are sampled and aggregated by state;

FIG. 9 is a diagram detailing an exemplary display provided to a clientdevice showing search results (parcels) additionally having acreagesgreater than 40 acres, where the results are sampled and aggregated bystate;

FIG. 10 is a diagram an exemplary display provided to a client deviceshowing search results (parcels) additionally having tillable areasbetween 85 and 100 percent and having historical soybean crops, wherethe results are not sampled and aggregated by state;

FIG. 11 is a diagram depicting an exemplary display provided to a clientdevice showing search results (parcels) having valuations greater than$6,000 per acre, where the results are sampled and aggregated by countywithin the state of Iowa;

FIG. 12 is a diagram featuring an exemplary display provided to a clientdevice showing type ahead results for parcels valued at greater than$6,000 per acre having a viewport centroid in Buchanan County, Iowa,where a user has entered the string “buf”; and

FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an exemplary display provided to a clientdevice showing type ahead results for parcels valued at greater than$6,000 per acre having a viewport centroid in Buffalo Township, BuchananCounty, Iowa, where a user has entered the string “flic”.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exemplary and illustrative embodiments of the invention are describedbelow. It should be understood at the outset that, although exemplaryembodiments are illustrated in the figures and described below, theprinciples of the present disclosure may be implemented using any numberof techniques, whether currently known or not. In the interest ofclarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described inthis specification, for those skilled in the art will appreciate that inthe development of any such actual embodiment, numerousimplementation-specific decisions are made to achieve specific goals,such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints,which vary from one implementation to another. Furthermore, it will beappreciated that such a development effort might be complex andtime-consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking forthose of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of thisdisclosure. Various modifications to the preferred embodiment will beapparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles definedherein may be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the presentinvention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodimentsshown and described herein but is to be accorded the widest scopeconsistent with the principles and novel features herein disclosed.

The present invention will now be described with reference to theattached figures. Various structures, systems, and devices areschematically depicted in the drawings for purposes of explanation onlyand so as to not obscure the present invention with details that arewell known to those skilled in the art. Nevertheless, the attacheddrawings are included to describe and explain illustrative examples ofthe present invention. Unless otherwise specifically noted, articlesdepicted in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

The words and phrases used herein should be understood and interpretedto have a meaning consistent with the understanding of those words andphrases by those skilled in the relevant art. No special definition of aterm or phrase (i.e., a definition that is different from the ordinaryand customary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art) isintended to be implied by consistent usage of the term or phrase herein.To the extent that a term or phrase is intended to have a specialmeaning (i.e., a meaning other than that understood by skilled artisans)such a special definition will be expressly set forth in thespecification in a definitional manner that directly and unequivocallyprovides the special definition for the term or phrase. As used in thisdisclosure, “each” refers to each member of a set, each member of asubset, each member of a group, each member of a portion, each member ofa part, etc.

Applicants note that unless the words “means for” or “step for” areexplicitly used in a particular claim, it is not intended that any ofthe appended claims or claim elements are recited in such a manner as toinvoke 35 U.S.C. § 112(f).

Definitions

Central Processing Unit (CPU): The electronic circuits (i.e.,“hardware”) that execute the instructions of a computer program (alsoknown as a “computer application,” “application,” “application program,”“app,” “computer code,” “code process,” “code segment,” or “program”) byperforming operations on data that may include arithmetic operations,logical operations, and input/output operations. A CPU may also bereferred to as a processor

In view of the above background discussion on how agricultural landparcels are presently characterized, a discussion of the presentinvention will be provided with reference to FIGS. 1-13. The presentinvention overcomes the problems associated with present-day automatedsearch techniques by providing automated methods and apparatus thatenable a user to enter discrete search parameter along with freeformsearch parameters, where the latencies corresponding to freeform typeahead suggestions and subsequent display of query results areacceptable.

Though the novel innovations disclosed herein may be disposed within anytype of apparatus or method that provides for rapid type ahead resultsand display of query result when searching for agricultural parcelshaving many geographic feature descriptors, for clarity sake the presentinvention will be presented within the context of a system that isemployed both for search of agricultural parcels and for translatingcertain feature parameters into valuation metrics for the parcels, sothat users can better determine valuation of parcels within a givenregion, state, county, and township.

Referring to FIG. 1, a block diagram is presented illustrating anagricultural parcel search and valuation system 100 according to thepresent invention. The system 100 may include an agricultural valuationserver 130 that is coupled to one or more client devices 101-103 throughthe internet cloud 110. The client devices 101-103 may include one ormore desktop/laptop computers 101 that execute desktop/laptop clientapplications 104 for communication and interaction with the valuationserver 130 through the internet cloud 110. The client devices 101-103may also include one or more smart tablet computers 102 that executetablet client applications 105 for communication and interaction withthe valuation server 130 through the internet cloud 110. The clientdevices 101-103 may further include one or more smartphone devices 103that execute smartphone client applications 106 for communication andinteraction with the valuation server 130 through the internet cloud110.

The valuation server 130 is coupled to a truth database 121, a publicdatabase 122, a commercial database 123, and a scientific database 124.Though represented in the block diagram as single databases 121-124,each of the databases 121-124 may comprise a substantial number ofdatabases through which the valuation server 130 may access truth-baseddata, public data, commercial data, and scientific data in order totranslate this data into agriculturally meaningful metrics andvaluations for a vast number of agricultural parcels.

Preferably, truth-based data includes field trial results that are themeasurements taken by farming partners who plant and harvest crops undera wide range of specified scenarios. These field trial results areemployed by the valuation server 130 to test and improve the accuracy ofcrop simulations that may be performed to generated metrics andvaluations for similar parcels, and that are employed to scalesimulations to entire growing regions.

Public data comprises a wide variety of sources such as, but not limitedto, county records, United States Department of Agriculture monthlyreports; parcel geographic coordinates data and topography; soil typesand layering (e.g., Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO); historicalcrop planting harvesting, and yield data; soil type indexes (e.g., CornStability Rating 2 (CSR2); historical and historical and forecastedweather data; and satellite and aerial image data taken acrossagriculturally meaningful spectral band (e.g., LANDSAT, SENTINEL) thatmay be processed by the valuation server 130 to understand crop types,rotations, key management practices (e.g., planting dates, tillagedates, fertilization dates, harvesting dates), and stages of growth atany given time.

Commercial data may comprise any of the public data that is aggregatedor formatted for ease of access by the valuation server 130.

Scientific data may comprise selected results of global scientificresults taken from published literature. The results are provided to thevaluation server 130 to validate crop simulations and to ensure that thesimulations are accurate across a wide range of management scenarios andweather conditions. In one embodiment, crop simulation results arecompared to scientific research data obtained under similar managementpractices and weather conditions.

The agricultural valuation server 130 may include a presentationprocessor 141 that is coupled to a parcel database 151. The presentationprocessor 141 comprises a user interface (UX) component 142, a searchengine component 143, and a user database 144.

The valuation server 130 may further comprise an agricultural metricsprocessor 152, a crop simulation processor 153, and a valuationprocessor 154, all of which are coupled to the parcel database 151. Thevaluation server 130 may further comprise a remote sense processor 156that is coupled to a management practices processor 155 and to theagricultural metrics processor 152. The management practices processor155 is coupled to the crop simulation processor 153.

In operation, records corresponding to agricultural parcels in a regionare created, iterated, and revised as a function of newly available datafrom one or more of the databases 121-124 and applicable results fromrecent crop simulations performed by the crop simulation processor 153.The records are stored in the parcel database 151 for access by theagricultural metrics processor 152, the valuation processor 154, and thepresentation processor 141. Users may execute the client applications104-106 on the client devices 101-103 to specify constraints, weights,freeform search parameters, and discrete search parameters for one ormore parcel records stored within the parcel database 151. The userinterface processor 142 executes in order to transmit display windows tothe client devices 101-103 via their respective client applications104-106 to enable the users to specify the constraints, weights, andfreeform/discrete search parameters. The client applications 104-106 maytransmit the constraints, weights, and freeform/discrete searchparameters to the presentation processor 141 through the internet cloud141. In one embodiment, the constraints, weights, freeform searchparameters, and discrete search parameters are stored in correspondinguser records within the user database 144 to accelerate subsequentsearches. Upon receipt of the constraints, weights, freeform searchparameters, and discrete search parameters, the search engine processor143 may perform pre-searches of freeform parameter entries by the user,and may cause the presentation processor 141 to transmit suggestedfreeform parameter entries to the user via the internet cloud. The usermay accept one of the suggested freeform parameter entries or the usermay continue entering freeform entry characters. The additionalcharacters are transmitted to the presentation processor 141 and thesearch engine processor 143 may revise suggested freeform entries andcause the entries to be displayed to the user. The user may continue toadd freeform characters, resulting in more refine freeform parametersuggestions by the search engine processor 143, or the user may deletesome characters and add different characters. In one embodiment,suggestions of a plurality of freeform entries based upon charactersentered by the user are transmitted for display to the user in less than100 milliseconds.

Upon selection of a suggested freeform entry, the search engineprocessor 143 may execute a query of the parcel database 151 using thesuggested freeform entry and discrete search parameters to access one ormore records within the parcel database 151 that satisfy the suggestedfreeform entry and discrete search parameters. The one or more recordswithin the parcel database 151 that satisfy the suggested freeform entryand discrete search parameters may also be stored in corresponding userrecords within the user database 144 to accelerate subsequent searches,and the one or more records within the parcel database 151 that satisfythe suggested freeform entry and discrete search parameters are providedby the search engine processor 143 to the user interface processor 142,which formats the one or more records for display by the clientapplications 104-106 on the client devices 101-103 according to devicetype, and the presentation processor 141 transmits the one or morerecords to the client devices 101-103 along with location contextualmetadata corresponding to the one or more parcels (e.g., parcels shownon a map) that enable the users to visualize and better comprehendresults of their searches. In one embodiment, transmission of the one ormore records to the client devices 101-103 along with contextualmetadata corresponding to the one or more parcels is accomplished inless than 500 milliseconds.

In one embodiment, users may iteratively refine searches by specifyingadditional freeform/discrete search parameters to further target searchresults that are of interest, and these results are additionally storedin the corresponding user records within the user database 144.

In one embodiment, the viewport location (i.e., map location centroid)on the client devices 101-103 may be transmitted to the presentationprocessor 141 and stored in the user database 144 along withgeographical metadata (e.g., state, county, township, PLSS coordinates,etc.) that corresponds to the viewport location. The viewport locationand geographical metadata may be subsequently employed by the searchprocessor to suggest freeform parameter entries and search query resultsthat are deemed more relevant to the user's search over entries andresults that would be provided for a less adjacent viewport location. Inthis manner, as will be described in more detail below, the agriculturalvaluation server maintains awareness of a user's location interests whensearching for parcels, and employs this awareness in the suggestion offreeform parameter entries and subsequent query results.

In one embodiment, to accelerate the display of parcel recordaggregations (i.e., number of parcel records within a geographic regionthat satisfy freeform/discrete search parameters entered by the user)the search engine processor 143 may employ sampling and normalizationtechniques to provide the user with an approximate number (aggregation)of parcels within each geographic region displayed to the user. In onembodiment, the parcel database 151 comprises the open sourceElasticsearch index 151 that is populated with documents correspondingto each of the agricultural parcels. As one skilled in the art willappreciate, Elasticsearch is an architecture that is highly optimized toallow for rapid searches through millions of documents. Though effectivefor general types of searches, the present inventors have noted thatElasticsearch exhibits unacceptable latencies for limited searches ofdocuments having a substantial number of data categories. Accordingly,as will be described in further detail below, sampling and normalizationtechniques are employed by the search engine processor 143 to reducethese latencies to acceptable values.

Upon selection of a specific parcel record, the presentation processor141 may transmit fields within the records that are formatted by theuser interface processor 142 for display to the user along with metadatathat enable the user to visualize and comprehend the record fieldsassociated with the parcel, thus providing the user with a substantiallyimproved method for making an informed decision regarding acorresponding agricultural parcel based upon user category (e.g., smallfarmer, enterprise farming corporation, underwriter, lender, insurer,etc.).

The remote sense processor 156 may process satellite/aerial images, andmay merge selected images to determine vegetative indices, to estimatemissing image data, and to determine parcel crop stability zones. Themanagement practices processor 155 may access data from the databases121-124 corresponding to management practices associated with parcelsand rank the outputs against other management practice data that isreceived from one or more of the databases 121-124. In turn, themanagement practices processor 155 may augment sparse or incomplete datain order to provide location-specific inferences for a number of keycrop management practices including, but not limited to planted croptype, specific cultivar or crop variety, planting data, planting density(i.e., seeds per acre and row spacing), fertilizer application (e.g.,dates and amounts), and irrigation practices. In one embodiment, highestranked management practices are employed to construct simulation inputsto the crop simulation processor 153 for modeling of required multi-yearcrop simulations. For example, management practices from the truthdatabase 121 may be ranked higher than crop simulation results. In theabsence of truth data for a parcel, state guidelines or managementpractices rules of thumb may be employed to build directives forsimulations.

The results of the crop simulations are employed by the agriculturalmetrics processor 152 and the valuation processor 154 to iterativelytranslate simulation results and data provided by the databases 121-124into figures of merit and an agricultural valuation for every parcelwithin the parcel database 151. In one embodiment, the number of parcelrecords in the parcel database 151 comprises in excess of 15 millionparcels located in the continental United States.

In one embodiment, the crop simulation processor 153 preferablycomprises a mechanistic crop model such as the Systems Approach to LandUse Suitability (SALUS), the initial version of which was developed atMichigan State University and which has been the subject of 20 years oftesting across hundreds of fields in 46 countries, more than 25 PhDdissertations, over 200 peer-reviewed journal articles, and thousands ofacademic citations. It is not the purpose of the present application toprovide an in depth tutorial on mechanistic crop modeling, but rather todisclose how results of crop simulations performed by crop simulationprocessor 153 are translated into agricultural metrics and acorresponding agricultural valuation that enables a user to makeinformed and meaningful decisions for one or more parcels. For atutorial on SALUS, the reader is directed to the publications below:

-   -   Basso, B., & Ritchie, J. T. (2015). Simulating crop growth and        biogeochemical fluxes in response to land management using the        SALUS model. In S. K. Hamilton, J. E. Doll, & G. P. Robertson        (Eds.), The ecology of agricultural landscapes: long-term        research on the path to sustainability. New York, N.Y., USA:        Oxford University Press, 252-274;    -   Basso, B., Ritchie, J. T., Grace, P. R., Sartori, L. (2006).        Simulation of tillage systems impact on soil biophysical        properties using the SALUS model. Italian Journal of Agronomy,        1(4), 677. doi: 10.4081/ija.2006.677;    -   Albarenque, S. M., Basso, B., Caviglia, O. P., Melchiori, R. J.        (2016). Spatio-temporal nitrogen fertilizer response in maize:        field study and modeling approach. Agronomy Journal,        108(5), 2110. doi: 10.2134/agronj2016.02.0081; and    -   Partridge, T. F., Winter, J. M., Liu, L., Kendall, A. D., Basso,        B., Hydnman, D. (2019). Mid-20th century warming hole boosts        U.S. maize yields. Environmental Research Letters. doi:        10.1088/1748-9326/ab422b

The present inventors note that the crop simulation processor 153according to the present invention is continuously improved as afunction of new scientific and truth data in order to expand todifferent crop types and to provide scaling to address practical needsof agriculture from subfield to continental scales. The aforementionedcrop model is a subset of a larger simulation engine within the cropsimulation processor 153 which uses a combination of farmer reporteddata, government and academic statistics, and remote sensing to build adetailed scenario that describes genotypic conditions (i.e., cropparameters representing genotypic potentials of a crop), environmentalconditions (i.e., weather, physical soil properties, and chemical soilproperties), and management conditions (e.g., planting dates, fertilizerapplication dates and amounts, tillage date, depth, and material, etc.)of a growing crop. Based on these input conditions, the crop modelcalculates plant growth stage, plant leaf area, solar energy absorbedthrough the leaves, biomass accumulated in different plant tissues, andwater and nutrient uptake by the roots, and saves outputs for that day.These variables are calculated at every time step until the cropmatures.

Accordingly, the crop simulation processor 153 is configured to describedevelopment and growth of a crop within an agricultural parcel all theway from planting to maturity. Plant development describes the timing ofevents that occur during the plant life cycle that induce changes ingrowth rates and partitioning of dry matter to different plant tissues.The simulation processor 153 calculates state variables representingvarious aspects of development and growth at each daily time step andfurthermore describes the different components of the soil layers andhow these interact with the environment. Thus, the crop simulationprocessor 153 may estimate the amount of water and nutrients availablefor uptake by a growing plant. Root development occurs at each dailytime step: root tips progress through the soil layers, and root massincreases. This results in water and nutrient uptake in soil horizonsthat are in contact with the plant's rooting system, proportional to theroot mass distribution in each soil horizon. Advantageously, the cropsimulations performed by the crop simulation processor 153 reflect thecomplex interactions whereby soil and weather influence plant growth andhow plant growth subsequently changes the soil dynamic. Outputs of thecrop simulation processor 153 include, but are not limited to, yields,nitrogen stress, drought stress, biomass accumulation, growth stages,nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, and water use efficiency.

In one embodiment, freeform and discrete parameters that a user mayspecify to access parcel records in the parcel database 151 include, butare not limited to, growing region, state, county, zip code, Public LandSurvey System (PLSS) coordinates, street/intersection, keywords, parcelowner name, parcel ID number, historical land use (e.g., crop type),land type (e.g., farm, dairy, ranch, forest, etc.), parcel acreage,tillable area, and agricultural metrics and valuations generated by thevaluation server 130.

As will be described in further detail below, the agricultural metricsand agricultural valuations generated by the agricultural valuationserver 130 enable a user functioning in a specific role (e.g., farmer,enterprise, underwriter, etc.) to understand the value of a particularparcel from the user's perspective, which is a significant improvementover present-day techniques that merely employ sales of comparableparcels. Depending on the user's role, agricultural metrics may beexpressed as productivity of a parcel, production risk of the parcel,and the parcel's ability to be sustainably managed. For a user purelyinterested in farming, a parcel's productivity and stability (i.e.,productivity risk) are paramount. However, for an enterprise that isfocused on reducing carbon emissions, a different metric (e.g.,sustainability) may take precedence. In one embodiment, the agriculturalvaluation assigned to a parcel employs one or more of the agriculturalmetrics as a function of the user's role as supplemented by comparablesales to express an agricultural value in dollars as opposed to just avalue that is based on comparable parcels. Advantageously, the user isexposed to a valuation of a parcels based upon the parcel's agriculturalpotential, which is a substantial improvement over that which hasheretofore been provided.

The valuation server 130 according to the present invention may compriseone or more application programs executing thereon to perform theoperations and functions described above, and which will be disclosed infurther detail with reference to FIG. 6.

Turning now to FIG. 2, a block diagram is presented depicting anexemplary schema for a parcel database 200 according to the presentinvention, such as the the parcel database 151 of FIG. 1. The schema 200may include a geographic feature table 201 that is linked to a pluralityof feature detail tables 204 in a one-to-many architecture. Thegeographic feature table 201 may include a plurality of records 202having a plurality of data fields 203. Each of the feature detail tables204 may include a plurality of records 205 having a plurality of datafields 206. The plurality of data fields 203 in each of the geographicfeature records 202 may include a geographic feature ID field (GFID),which is the primary key for the geographic feature table 201 and whichis unique for each of the plurality of records 202. The plurality ofdata fields 203 in each of the geographic feature records 202additionally include a geographic feature type field (GFTYPE), aboundary field (BOUNDARY), a centroid field (CENTROID), and an areafield (AREA). GFTYPE specifies one of a plurality of geographic featuretypes that include, but are not limited to, parcel, county, state, andgrowing region. BOUNDARY includes geographic coordinates (e.g.,longitude and latitude) that describe a geographic boundary for the landarea corresponding to the GFID. CENTROID includes a geographic centroidcoordinates for the land area corresponding to the GFID. And AREAincludes the area (e.g., acres, square meters, etc.) of the land areacorresponding to the GFID.

The plurality of data fields 206 in each of the feature detail records205 include a feature detail ID field (FDID), which is the primary keyfor a corresponding feature detail table 204 and which is unique foreach of the plurality of records 205. Each of the feature detail records205 may also include a geographic feature type ID field (GFID), which isthe foreign key that links a feature detail record 205 back to acorresponding geographic feature record 202 in the geographic featuretable 201. Each of the feature detail records 205 may further include afeature detail type field (FDTYPE) and a feature detail data field(FDDATA). FDTYPE specifies one of a plurality of feature detail typesthat include, but are not limited to, results generated by the cropsimulation processor 153 for the corresponding FDID and GFIDcombination, a particular agricultural metric (e.g., productivity score,stability score, sustainability score) generated by the agriculturalmetrics processor 152 for the corresponding FDID and GFID combination,an agricultural valuation generated by the valuation processor 154 forthe corresponding FDID and GFID combination, stability zone boundariesgenerated by the remote sense processor 156 for the corresponding FDIDand GFID combination, and descriptive metadata taken from the databases121-124 for the corresponding FDID and GFID combination.

Accordingly, a given geographic feature (e.g., a 40-acre farm in MilfordCounty, Iowa) may be described in the parcel database 151 in terms ofits geographic boundary, centroid, and area within a record 202 in thegeographic feature table 201, and this record 202 may be linked to anumber of feature detail records 205 in different feature detail tables204 that contain feature detail data for a corresponding number offeature detail types.

Now referring to FIG. 3, a block diagram is presented featuring apresentation processor 300 according to the present invention, such asmay be employed in the system of FIG. 1. The presentation processor 300has a user interface component 310 that is coupled to a search component320. The search component 320 is coupled to a type ahead source 330 andto a parcel database 340. In one embodiment, the type ahead sourcecomprises a third-party street address and intersection database servicesuch as is provided by here.com. The third-party street address andintersection database service may comprise one of the commercialdatabases 123 shown in FIG. 1, where the database service is accessedover the internet cloud 110.

The user interface component 310 includes a freeform parametersprocessor 311, a viewport location processor 314, a discrete parametersprocessor 312, and a results processor 313. The search component 320includes a relevancy controller 324 and a sampling controller 325.Multiple sources 321-323 for generation of suggested freeform parameterentries are coupled to the freeform parameters processor 311 via bus FPand to the relevancy controller 324. The multiple sources 321-323include a state/county/township in-memory cache 321, a specializedparcel index 322, and a street/intersection query interface 323. Thein-memory cache 321 is coupled to the viewport location processor 314via bus VL. The street/intersection query interface 323 is operationallycoupled to the third-party street and intersection database service(“type ahead source”) 330. The relevancy controller 324 is coupled tothe freeform parameters processor 311 via bus RR. The samplingcontroller 325 is coupled to the freeform parameters processor 311 viabus FSEL, to the discrete parameters processor 312 via bus DP, to theresults processor 313 via bus RSLTS, and to the parcel database 340 viabus PDQ and bus PDR. As is described above with reference to FIG. 1, theuser interface component 310 is employed within the presentationprocessor 300 to accept user inputs from client devices 101-103 in theform of freeform text characters and discrete parameters, to track theuser's viewport location on the client devices 101-103, to displaysuggested and ranked freeform entries resulting from pre-searchesprovide by the multiple sources 321-323 and ranked for display by therelevancy controller 324, and to display subsequent query results(parcel documents and aggregations by geographic area) that satisfysearch parameters entered and selected by the user.

In operation, the user may specify discrete and freeform searchparameters in any order. Entered discrete parameters are provided by thediscrete parameters processor 312 to the sampling controller 325 overbus DP and the sampling controller 325 executes a search of the parceldatabase 340 by providing these parameters over bus PDQ. Parceldocuments and aggregations that satisfy the query constraints areprovided by the parcel database 340 to the sampling controller 325 overbus PDR. In one embodiment, the sampling controller 325 may include asampling threshold value for aggregation of results by geographic areathat enables display of results to the user within an acceptable periodof time. In one embodiment, the acceptable period of time is 500milliseconds. Accordingly, the sampling controller 325 may direct theparcel database 340 to provide aggregations of results by geographicarea prior to performing the full search, and if the aggregations ofresults exceeds the sampling threshold, the sampling controller 325 maydirect the parcel database 340 to retrieve a sample of the results,where the sample is a percentage of the aggregations of results.Preferably, the percentage comprises 10 percent of the aggregations ofresults, though other embodiments of percentage are contemplated. Uponprovision of the sample of aggregations of results over bus PDR, thesampling controller 325 may then normalize the sample of aggregations ofresults to generate estimated aggregations of results. For example, fora 10-percent sample of aggregations of results, the sampling controller325 will scale the sampled aggregations of results by a factor of 10 togenerate a normalized estimate of aggregations of results. If theaggregations of results fall below the sampling threshold, then thesampling controller 325 may direct the parcel database 340 to retrieveall results satisfying the discrete parameters. As discrete parametersare modified by the user, they are provided by the discrete parametersprocessor 312 to the sampling controller 325, which in turn directs theparcel database 340 to either retrieve a sample of results or allresults as a function of the sampling threshold.

The query results (sampled or full) are provided by the samplingcontroller to the results processor 313 over bus RSLTS, whereby the userinterface component 310 causes the results to be transmitted to theclient devices 101-103 over the internet cloud 110. The samplingcontroller 325 may further receive selected suggested freeform parameterentries over bus FSEL and may employ these entries in conjunction withdiscrete parameters provided over bus DP to perform queries (sampled orfull as a function of the sampling threshold) of the parcel database340, providing results over RSLTS to the results processor 313.

To preclude unacceptable latencies corresponding to providing suggestedfreeform parameter entries to the user, freeform characters are providedas they are entered to the multiple sources 321-323 of suggestedfreeform entries in parallel. Accordingly, the multiple sources 321-323simultaneously generate suggested freeform entries (“freeform hits”) andprovide them to the relevancy controller 234. Individually, thein-memory cache 321 comprises a table of national, state, county, andtownship names, abbreviations, and short forms. As the user entersfreeform characters, the in-memory cache 321 generates suggestedfreeform entries as a function of the user's viewport location, wheresuggested entries are provided to the relevancy controller 324 as afunction of their distance from the user's viewport location. That is,states, counties, and townships that are closest to the viewportlocation are provided first.

As one skilled in the art will appreciate, Elasticsearch allowsper-field customization on the underlying indexes created. Accordingly,in one embodiment, the parcel database 340 comprises an Elasticsearchparcel database 340, where the parcel index 322 comprises customizedindexing of the Elasticsearch parcel database 340 to enable fast lookupson prefixes matching the data, which are provided to the relevancycontroller 324. The type of indices within the parcel index 322 arereferred to as an “edge n-gram” index that breaks up and indexes theprefixes of terms provided by the freeform parameters processor 311. Forexample, a freeform parameters entry of “Hennepin County” would beassigned prefixes “h”, “he”, “hen”, “henn”, etc.—all indexed as separateterms. Within the parcel index 322, this type of autocomplete index tothe following fields in the Elasticsearch parcel database 34): ownername, parcel ID, state, county, township, and PLSS coordinates (i.e.,section, township, and range). According to the present invention, theprefix lengths that are computed for each of the indices are varied toincrease type ahead performance and relevancy of results.

The third-party street intersection query interface 323, as describedabove, accesses a third-party street/intersection type ahead source 330to retrieve street and intersection freeform entry suggestions, whichare provided to the relevancy controller 324.

The relevancy controller 324 operates to score and rank suggestedfreeform entries provided by the multiple sources 321-323, and totransmit ranked suggested freeform entries for display to the users viathe freeform entry processor 311, where the ranked suggested freeformentries are provided as a function of relevancy to the user. In oneembodiment, the number of ranked suggested freeform entries ranges fromone to twenty. The relevancy controller 324 may rank entries provided byeach of the multiple sources 321-323 according to relevancy rules, aswill be described in further detail below, to determine and generatesuggested freeform entries.

As the user continues to type characters, updated suggested freeformentries are provided in parallel by the multiple sources 321-323 and areranked by the relevancy controller 324 and transmitted to the freeformentry processor 311. As noted above, when the user selects a suggestedfreeform entry from those displayed, it is provided to the samplingcontroller 325 over bus FSEL, which combines the selected freeform entryalong with entered discrete parameter, and which directs the parceldatabase 340 to search for matching parcels.

Now turning to FIG. 4, a flow diagram 400 is presented showing a methodfor search and presentation of relevant results according to the presentinvention, such as may be employed by the presentation processor of FIG.3. Flow begins at block 402, where an initial viewport location ispresented to the user along with fields for entry of discrete andfreeform search parameters. Flow then proceeds to block 404.

At block 404, the user enters discrete search parameters via thediscrete parameters processor 312 which are transmitted to the samplingcontroller 325. As noted above, the discrete parameters may include, butare not limited to, a range of agricultural valuation, a range of leasevaluation, a range of parcel acreage, a range of tillable acreage, arange of a parcel productivity metric, a range of a parcel stabilitymetric, a range of a parcel sustainability metric, a selection of landtype, and a selection of historical land use by crop. The user may enterone or more of these discrete search parameters. Flow then proceeds toblock 406.

At block 406, the user begins entry of freeform characters, which aretransmitted by the freeform processor to the multiple sources 321-323.Flow then proceeds to block 408.

At block 408, the multiple source 321-323 are queried simultaneously forsuggested freeform entries based upon the characters entered at block406. Flow then proceeds to block 410.

At block 410, freeform hits from each of the multiple sources 321-323are provided to the relevancy controller 324. Flow then proceeds toblock 412.

At block 412, the relevancy controller 324 scores all of the freeformhits provided at block 410 using rules that assign higher scores to hitsthat are deemed more relevant to the user and that assign lower scoresto hits that are deemed less relevant to the user. Flow then proceeds toblock 414.

At block 414, the relevancy controller 324 sorts the scored hits fromhighest score to lowest score and discards scored hits greater than aprescribed suggested freeform entries threshold, N. In one embodiment,the threshold comprises 20 suggested freeform entries. Flow thenproceeds to block 416.

At block 416, the highest scored N hits are transmitted by the relevancycontroller 324 to the freeform parameters processor 311 for presentationto the user. If the number of scored hits is less than N, then thatnumber of hits are transmitted. Flow then proceeds to decision block418.

At decision block 418, an evaluation is made to determine if the userhas selected one of the suggested freeform entries provided at block416. If not, flow proceeds to block 404 where the user may enteradditional discrete parameters, change discrete parameters, enteradditional freeform characters, or change freeform characters. Thepresent inventors note that the entry of discrete parameters (block 404)and entry of freeform characters (blocks 406-410) may be reversed. Ifthe users selects one of the suggested freeform entries provided atblock 416, then flow proceeds to block 420.

At block 420, the sampling controller 325 executes a query of the parceldatabase 340 using the provided discrete parameters and selectedfreeform suggestion. Flow then proceeds to decision block 422, wheredecision block 422 and blocks 424, 426, 428, and 430 are executed foreach geographic area (state, county, township) within a bounded mapdisplayed on the user's client device 101-103.

At decision block 422, an evaluation is made to determine if the numberof parcels within any of the geographic areas exceeds the samplingthreshold described above. If not, flow proceeds to block 430. If so,then flow proceeds to block 424.

At block 424, the sampling controller 325 directs the parcel database340 to perform an X-percent sampled search of parcels and return only Xpercent of the parcels. One embodiment contemplates a 5-percent sampledsearch. Another embodiment contemplates a 10-percent sampled search.Flow then proceeds to block 426.

At block 426, the X-percent sample of parcel results are aggregated forthe geographic region. Flow then proceeds to block 428.

At block 428, the aggregate of parcels for the geographic region isscaled according to the sampling percentage X to generate an estimate ofthe aggregate of parcels. Flow then proceeds to block 430.

At block 430, the aggregation of parcels (actual or estimated) isprovided by the sampling controller 325 to the results processor 313 fordisplay to the user on their client device 101-103.

Referring now to FIG. 5, a flow diagram 500 is presented illustrating arelevancy scoring method for type ahead results, such as may be employedby the presentation processor of FIG. 3 and the method of FIG. 4. Flowbegins at block 502, where the user enters one or more freeformcharacters, which are provided to the multiple sources 321-323 inparallel. Flow then proceeds to block 504.

At block 504, the user's viewport location is retrieved from theviewport location processor 314 and is provided to the in-memory cache321. The in-memory cache 321 may also provide this viewport location tothe relevancy controller 324 for use in determining which freeform hitsare more or less relevant to the user. Flow then proceeds to decisionblock 506.

At decision block 506, an evaluation is made to determine what type offreeform suggestion hit has been provided to the relevancy controller byone or more of the sources 321-323. If a county hit is determined, thenflow proceeds to block 508. If a township hit is determined, then flowproceeds to block 510. If a PLSS coordinate hit (section/township/range)hit is determined, then flow proceeds to block 512. If a parcel ID hitis determined, then flow proceeds to block 514. If an owner name hit isdetermined, then flow proceeds to block 516. For each type of hit, alabel is constructed that has more text than just the name of the hititself. For a hit “Hennepin County,” the constructed label is “HennepinCounty, MN”. For a township hit, “Woodville,” the constructed label is“Woodville Township, Waseca County, MN”. Each hit type (parcel ID,owner, county, township, PLSS coordinate, street, intersection, city,state) has its own label format.

At block 508, the relevancy controller 324 executes county scoring ruleson freeform hits. For county hits, a hit is given a higher ranking if astate abbreviation or name prefix also appears as one of the freeformsearch tokens. Hits are ranked higher if the token “County” follows thetoken(s) that match a prefix of the county name. Hits are ranked evenhigher if the token(s) match the full county name. Hits are ranked evenyet higher if the viewport location indicates that the user is currentlyzoomed on a small region of the country and a token matches a countyappearing in the region. Hits are ranked additionally higher if thecenter of the map viewport is closer to the county than another countythat may also be matched. Finally, hits are ranked highest if the countyname consists of multiple words, and the search text matches multiplewords but not necessarily the full county name. One or more of the aboveconditions may apply to a county hit. Once the input tokens arecompletely scanned for county matches, the county rules apply a score toall possible contending counties. Flow then proceeds to block 520.

At block 510, the relevancy controller 324 executes township scoringrules on freeform hits. Township hits are ranked in the same manner ascounty hits, as described above with reference to block 508. Becausetownships are far more numerous than counties, additional rules areexecuted. Tokens in the search text are viewed as tokens that whentreated as a county name prefix and a township name prefix produce aunique township hit. For instance, “Washington” is a very commontownship name across the United States, but when combined with thecounty name “Anderson”, there is only a single hit across the country.Accordingly, the in-memory cache 321 includes an index for a combinationof township and county name prefixes, which helps to narrow down acorrect township in an acceptable time period. Flow then proceeds toblock 520.

At block 512, the relevancy controller 324 executes PLSS scoring ruleson freeform hits. Since PLSS coordinates comprise precise characters(e.g., “S24, T32N, R18E”), PLSS hits are initially scored very high.Flow then proceeds to block 520.

At block 514, the relevancy controller 324 executes parcel ID scoringrules on freeform hits. Parcel ID hits are increased score if a searchtoken matches (or partially matches) a parcel ID in the parcel index322. Flow then proceeds to block 520.

At block 516, the relevancy controller 324 executes owner name scoringrules on freeform hits. Owner name hits are increase in score if asearch token matches (or partially matches an owner name in the parcelindex 322. Flow then proceeds to block 520.

At block 520, the relevancy controller 324 executes combination rules onthe initially scored hits provided at blocks 508, 510, 512, 514, and516. Results from the three sources are combined by assigning scores andboosting the scores in certain cases. A scored hit's scored is increaseone point for every term that matches the label that is computed for theparticular result type. Beyond that, county hit scores are increasedslightly, because they are deemed more relevant to the user. If allsearch terms match a corresponding label for that hit type, anadditional point is added. PLSS coordinates get increased higher thanother hits due to their specificity, and the relevancy processor 324deems that the user is performing a targeted PLSS coordinates search. Ifthere are too many townships or counties found for the given searchtext, then the score of all township or county hits is reduced becausethe relevancy controller 324 deems that it is less likely that the userwas trying to find a particular county or township. Flow then proceedsto block 522.

At block 522, the relevancy controller 324 finds those hits having thesame score and applies global ordering rules to those same-scored hitsto rank them according to user relevancy, where the global orderingrules are determined based upon usability results for the system.

Turning now to FIG. 6, a block diagram is presented illustrating anagricultural search and valuation server 600 according to the presentinvention, such as the search and valuation server 130 of FIG. 1. Thevaluation server 600 may include one or more central processing units(CPU) 601 that are coupled to memory 606 having both transitory andnon-transitory memory components therein. The CPU 601 is also coupled toa communications circuit 602 that couples the valuation server 600 tothe internet cloud 110 via one or more wired and/or wireless links 603.The links 603 may include, but are not limited to, Ethernet, cable,fiber optic, and digital subscriber line (DSL). As part of the networkpath to and through the cloud 110, providers of internet connectivity(e.g., ISPs) may employ wireless technologies from point to point aswell.

The valuation server 600 may also comprise input/output circuits 604that include, but are not limited to, data entry and display devices(e.g., keyboards, monitors, touchpads, etc.). The memory 606 may becoupled to a parcel database 605 and to databases 121-124 described withreference to FIG. 1 above. Though the valuation server 600 is showndirectly coupled to databases 121-124 and 605, the present inventorsnote that interfaces to these data sources may exclusively be throughthe communications circuit 602 or may be through a combination of directinterface and through the communications circuit 602, according to thesource of data.

The memory 606 may include an operating system 607 such as, but notlimited to, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Unix, and Linux, where theoperating system 607 is configured to manage execution by the CPU 601 ofprogram instructions that are components of one or more applicationprograms. In one embodiment, a single application program comprises aplurality of code segments 608-616 resident in the memory 606 and whichare identified as a configuration code segment CONFIG 608, a clientcommunications code segment CLIENT COMM 609, a presentation processorcode segment PRESENTATION PROC 610, a web services code segment WEB SERV611, an agricultural metrics processor code segment AG METRICS PROC 612,a crop simulation processor code segment CROP SIM PROC 613, a valuationprocessor code segment VALUATION PROC 614, a management practicesprocessor code segment MGMT PROC 615, and a remote sense processor codesegment REM SENSE PROC 616.

Operationally, the search and valuation server 1000 600 execute one ormore of the code segments 608-616 under control of the OS 607 asrequired to enable the search and valuation server 600 to ingest newdata from external data sources 121-124, to employ data from the sources121-124 in crop simulations that translate the data into meaningfulagricultural metrics and corresponding valuations for approximately 15million agricultural parcels, and to store these metrics and valuationsin the parcel database 605 in a manner that can be rapidly and easilysearched and accessed by users that communicate with the search andvaluation server 600 over the communications circuit 602 via clientapplications 104-106 executing on their respective client devices101-103. The search and valuation server 600 may further be configuredto execute one or more of the code segments 608-616 under control of theOS 607 as required to enable the search and valuation server 600 toformat and present suggested freeform entries and subsequent searchresults and corresponding parcel data to the client applications 104-106executing on their respective client devices 101-103 with acceptablelatencies, and to receive communications therefrom that users specify tonarrow search results, to perform new searches altogether, and tospecify the relative importance of one or more agricultural metricsrelative to other agricultural metrics in order to calculateagricultural valuations of parcels according to relative importance ofthe agricultural metrics relative to other agricultural metrics.

CONFIG 608 may be executed to place the server 600 into an operationalor maintenance mode, where the maintenance mode may be entered to allowfor ingestion of new data from the data sources 121-124 via automated ormanual means. CLIENT COMM 609 may be executed to perfect reliabletransfer of information between the server 600 and client applications104-106 executing on respective client devices 101-103. PRESENTATIONPROC 610 may be executed to suggest freeform parameter entries and toperform searches of the parcel database 605, to provide search results,and to interact with client applications 104-106 executing on respectiveclient devices 101-103 as is described above with reference to FIGS.1-5. WEB SERV 611 may be executed to provide for formatting ofinformation provided by PRESENTATION PROC 610 for transmission to theclient applications 104-106 and for formatting of information that isprovided to PRESENTATION PROC 610 which has been received from theclient applications 104-106.

AG METRICS PROC 612 may be executed to perform any of the functions andoperations described above with reference to the agricultural metricsprocessor 152 of FIG. 1. CROP SIM PROC 613 may be executed to performany of the functions and operations described above with reference tothe crop simulation processor 153 of FIG. 1. VALUATION PROC 614 may beexecuted to perform any of the functions and operations described abovewith reference to the agricultural valuation processor 154 of FIG. 1.MGMT PROC 615 may be executed to perform any of the functions andoperations described above with reference to the management practicesprocessor 155 of FIG. 1. And REM SENSE PROC 616 may be executed toperform any of the functions and operations described above withreference to the remote sense processor 156 of FIG. 1.

Now referring to FIG. 7, a block diagram is presented depicting a clientdevice 700 according to the present invention, such as the clientdevices 101-103 discussed above with reference to FIG. 1. The clientdevice 700 may include one or more central processing units (CPU) 701that are coupled to memory 705 having both transitory and non-transitorymemory components therein. The CPU 701 is also coupled to acommunications circuit 702 that couples the client device 700 tointernet cloud 110 via one or more wired and/or wireless links 703. Thelinks 703 may include, but are not limited to, Ethernet, cable, fiberoptic, and digital subscriber line (DSL).

The client device 700 may also comprise input/output circuits 704 thatinclude, but are not limited to, data entry and display devices (e.g.,keyboards, monitors, touchpads, etc.).

The memory 705 may include an operating system 706 such as, but notlimited to, Microsoft Windows, Mac OS, Unix, Linux, iOS, and Android OS,where the operating system 706 is configured to manage execution by theCPU 701 of program instructions that are components of a valuationclient application program 707. In one embodiment, the clientapplication program 707 comprises a server communications code segmentSERVER COMM 708 and an I/O interface code segment I/O INTERFACE 709.

When executing on the client device 700, the client 707 provides fordisplay of information provided by the search and valuation server 130,600 on the input/output circuits 704 that help a user make decisionsregarding which freeform/discrete parameters to specify in order toperform searches of the parcel database 151, 605. The SERVER COMM 708segment may execute to receive this information and the I/O INTERFACEsegment 709 may execute to transmit this information to the input/outputcircuit 704. Likewise, the client 707 provides for input of freeform anddiscrete search parameters provided by the user via the input/outputcircuit 704 for transmission to the search and valuation server 130, 600that direct the server 130, 600 to refine an ongoing search in order tonarrow down a number of parcels that satisfy the search parameters, andto specify freeform and discrete parameters that direct the server 130,600 to perform new searches altogether. The SERVER COMM 608 segment mayexecute to transmit this information and the I/O INTERFACE segment 609may execute to receive this information to the input/output circuit 604.

The functions and operations described above with reference to thesearch and valuation server 130, 600 according to the present inventionresult in a significant improvement in this field of technology byproviding a superior technique for translating massive amounts ofagricultural data for millions of parcels into agriculturally meaningfulmetrics and corresponding agricultural valuations and that aggregate themetrics and valuation along with public and commercial sales data forthese parcels into detailed parcel reports that are displayed on clientdevices 101-103, 1100. In one embodiment, data corresponding to thedetailed parcel reports are stored in the parcel database 151 for allagricultural parcels in the continental United States, approximately 15million parcels. The parcel report is the culmination all of thefunctions and operations described above and includes a combination ofdata from public datasets, commercial datasets, management practicesinference, remote sensing inference, crop simulation results, and finalmetric and agricultural algorithmic results. In one embodiment, toenable a search interface for users with acceptable latencies, thesearch and valuation server 130, 600 indexes key pieces of the datawithin the parcel database 151 into a full-text search engine (i.e.,Elasticsearch engine) with multi-source type ahead components that aresimultaneously accessed for freeform hits, where the freeform hitsranked and displayed to the user according to their relevancy based uponfreeform characters entries along with the user's viewport location.This allows users to filter through millions of parcels to retrievethose which fit their particular search criteria with sub-secondfreeform suggestion and search response times. Exemplary client devicedisplays will now be presented with reference to FIGS. 8-13 that showhow exemplary parcel data is presented to a user, how exemplary freeformand discrete search parameters are input by the user for transmission tothe search and valuation server 130, 600, how aggregation of parcelresults are sampled and normalized, how suggest freeform entries areranked, and how information is displayed to the user along withgeographic contextual information.

Turning now to FIG. 8, a diagram 800 is presented detailing an exemplarydisplay provided to a client device 101-103 showing search results(parcels) having valuations greater than $6,000 per acre, where theresults are sampled and aggregated by state. As described above, whenthe number of aggregated parcels for any geographic region within themap boundaries of the displayed area exceeds the prescribed samplingthreshold, then the sampling controller 325 executes a sampled query ofthe parcel database 340 and then scales the sampled results to estimatethe number of parcels within each of the geographic regions displayed.Note that the number of parcels displayed within each state (under the2-letter state abbreviation) that meet the specified valuation criteriaare all multiples of 10, thus indicating that 10 percent of the parcelswere sampled that meet the criteria.

Referring now to FIG. 9, a diagram 900 is presented detailing anexemplary display provided to a client device 101-103 showing searchresults (parcels) additionally having acreages greater than 40 acres,where the results are sampled and aggregated by state. In this instance,the user retained the valuation criteria (greater than $6,000 per acre)and added a discrete parameter that the parcels have acreages greaterthan 40 acres. Like the display of FIG. 9, the number of aggregatedparcels for any geographic region within the map boundaries of thedisplayed area exceeds the prescribed sampling threshold, and thesampling controller 325 executes a sampled query of the parcel database340 and then scales the sampled results to estimate the number ofparcels within each of the geographic regions displayed. Like FIG. 8,FIG. 9 shows that the number of parcels displayed within each state(under the 2-letter state abbreviation) that meet the specifiedvaluation criteria are all multiples of 10, thus indicating that 10percent of the parcels were sampled that meet the criteria.

Now turning to FIG. 10, a diagram 1000 is presented showing an exemplarydisplay provided to a client device 101-103 showing search results(parcels) additionally having tillable areas between 85 and 100 percentand having historical soybean crops, where the results are not sampledand aggregated by state. In this instance, the user retained thevaluation criteria (greater than $6,000 per acre) and acreage criteria(greater than 40 acres), and added a discrete parameter that the parcelshave tillable areas between 85 and 100 percent and have historicalsoybean crops. In this case, the number of aggregated parcels for allgeographic regions within the map boundaries of the displayed area fallbelow the prescribed sampling threshold, and the sampling controller 325executes a full query of the parcel database 340 and displays the exactnumber of parcels found within each of the geographic regions that meetthe specified criteria.

Now referring to FIG. 11, a diagram 1100 is presented depicting anexemplary display provided to a client device 101-103 showing searchresults (parcels) having valuations greater than $6,000 per acre, wherethe results are sampled and aggregated by county within the state ofIowa. In this case, the user has drilled down in the national map ofFIG. 8 to display counties within the state of Iowa, along withsurrounding counties falling within the boundaries of the displayed map.As described above, when the number of aggregated parcels for anygeographic region within the map boundaries of the displayed areaexceeds the prescribed sampling threshold, then the sampling controller325 executes a sampled query of the parcel database 340 and then scalesthe sampled results to estimate the number of parcels within each of thegeographic regions displayed. Note that the number of parcels displayedwithin each county (under the county label) that meet the specifiedvaluation criteria are all multiples of 10, thus indicating that 10percent of the parcels were sampled that meet the criteria.

Referring to FIG. 12, a diagram 1200 is presented featuring an exemplarydisplay provided to a client device showing type ahead results forparcels valued at greater than $6,000 per acre having a viewportcentroid in Buchanan County, Iowa, where a user has entered the string“buf”. The geographic regions displayed are townships within BuchananCounty, Iowa, along with surrounding townships falling within the mapdisplay boundaries. In this case a hit on Buffalo Township, BuchananCounty, Iowa has been found by the in-memory cache 321 and scored higherthan all other freeform entry suggestions by the relevancy controller324.

Finally referring to FIG. 13, a diagram 1300 is presented showing anexemplary display provided to a client device 101-103 showing type aheadresults for parcels valued at greater than $6,000 per acre having aviewport centroid in Buffalo Township, Buchanan County, Iowa, where auser has entered the string “flic”. In this case, the parcel index 322has found 3 hits on Flickenger Family Farms, LLC and the relevancycontroller 324 has promoted this owner name as the highest rankedfreeform entry suggestion.

Portions of the present invention and corresponding detailed descriptionare presented in terms of software or algorithms, and symbolicrepresentations of operations on data bits within a computer memory.These descriptions and representations are the ones by which those ofordinary skill in the art effectively convey the substance of their workto others of ordinary skill in the art. An algorithm, as the term isused here, and as it is used generally, is conceived to be aself-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result. The stepsare those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities.Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form ofoptical, electrical, or magnetic signals capable of being stored,transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It hasproven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, torefer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters,terms, numbers, or the like.

It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar termsare to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and aremerely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unlessspecifically stated otherwise, or as is apparent from the discussion,terms such as “processing” or “computing” or “calculating” or“determining” or “displaying” or the like, refer to the action andprocesses of a computer system, a microprocessor, a central processingunit, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates andtransforms data represented as physical, electronic quantities withinthe computer system's registers and memories into other data similarlyrepresented as physical quantities within the computer system memoriesor registers or other such information storage, transmission or displaydevices.

Note also that the software implemented aspects of the invention aretypically encoded on some form of program storage medium or implementedover some type of transmission medium. The program storage medium may beelectronic (e.g., read only memory, flash read only memory, electricallyprogrammable read only memory), random access memory magnetic (e.g., afloppy disk or a hard drive) or optical (e.g., a compact disk read onlymemory, or “CD ROM”), and may be read only or random access. Similarly,the transmission medium may be metal traces, twisted wire pairs, coaxialcable, optical fiber, or some other suitable transmission medium knownto the art. The invention is not limited by these aspects of any givenimplementation.

The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, andthose skilled in the art will appreciate that they can readily use thedisclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designingor modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of thepresent invention, and that various changes, substitutions andalterations can be made herein without departing from the scope of theinvention as set forth by the appended claims. For example,components/elements of the systems and/or apparatuses may be integratedor separated. In addition, the operation of the systems and apparatusesdisclosed herein may be performed by more, fewer, or other componentsand the methods described may include more, fewer, or other steps.Additionally, unless otherwise specified steps may be performed in anysuitable order.

Although specific advantages have been enumerated above, variousembodiments may include some, none, or all of the enumerated advantages.

What is claimed is:
 1. An automated method for search and generation ofrelevant search results, the method comprising: receiving both discreteparameters and freeform search characters input by a user;simultaneously searching a first freeform entry source and a secondfreeform entry source to obtain corresponding first suggested freeformentries and second suggested freeform entries; ranking the firstsuggested freeform entries according to first rules of relevancy to theuser, and generating first ranked suggested freeform entries; rankingthe second suggested freeform entries according to second rules ofrelevancy to the user, and generating second ranked suggested freeformentries; combining the first and second ranked suggested freeformentries into a combined set of suggested freeform entries, and rankingthe combined set of suggested freeform entries according to combinedrules of relevancy to the user, and generating combined ranked suggestedfreeform entries; and transmitting the combined ranked suggestedfreeform entries to the user for selection of a desired type aheadentry.
 2. The automated method as recited in claim 1, wherein thediscrete parameters and desired type ahead entry are employed as searchcriteria to search a parcel database for agricultural parcels that meetthe search criteria.
 3. The automated method as recited in claim 1,wherein the first freeform entry source comprises an in-memory cache ofcounty names, county abbreviations, county short forms, township names,township abbreviations, and township short forms.
 4. The automatedmethod as recited in claim 1, wherein the discrete parameters anddesired type ahead entry are employed as search criteria to search anElasticsearch parcel database for agricultural parcels that meet thesearch criteria, and wherein the second freeform entry source comprisesa customized indexing of the Elasticsearch parcel database to enablefast lookups on prefixes matching the freeform search characters.
 5. Theautomated method as recited in claim 4, wherein the second suggestedfreeform entries comprise PLSS coordinates and owner names of theagricultural parcels.
 6. The automated method as recited in claim 1,further comprising: searching a third freeform entry source in parallelwith searching of the first freeform entry source and the secondfreeform entry source to obtain corresponding third suggested freeformentries.
 7. The automated method as recited in claim 6, wherein thethird freeform entry source comprises a third-party street address andintersection database service that is accessed via the internet cloud.8. A computer-readable storage medium storing program instructions that,when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform an automatedmethod for search and generation of relevant search results, the methodcomprising: receiving both discrete parameters and freeform searchcharacters input by a user; simultaneously searching a first freeformentry source and a second freeform entry source to obtain correspondingfirst suggested freeform entries and second suggested freeform entries;ranking the first suggested freeform entries according to first rules ofrelevancy to the user, and generating first ranked suggested freeformentries; ranking the second suggested freeform entries according tosecond rules of relevancy to the user, and generating second rankedsuggested freeform entries; combining the first and second rankedsuggested freeform entries into a combined set of suggested freeformentries, and ranking the combined set of suggested freeform entriesaccording to combined rules of relevancy to the user, and generatingcombined ranked suggested freeform entries; and transmitting thecombined ranked suggested freeform entries to the user for selection ofa desired type ahead entry.
 9. The computer-readable storage medium asrecited in claim 8, wherein the discrete parameters and desired typeahead entry are employed as search criteria to search a parcel databasefor agricultural parcels that meet the search criteria.
 10. Thecomputer-readable storage medium as recited in claim 8 wherein the firstfreeform entry source comprises an in-memory cache of county names,county abbreviations, county short forms, township names, townshipabbreviations, and township short forms.
 11. The computer-readablestorage medium as recited in claim 8, wherein the discrete parametersand desired type ahead entry are employed as search criteria to searchan Elasticsearch parcel database for agricultural parcels that meet thesearch criteria, and wherein the second freeform entry source comprisesa customized indexing of the Elasticsearch parcel database to enablefast lookups on prefixes matching the freeform search characters. 12.The computer-readable storage medium as recited in claim 11, wherein thesecond suggested freeform entries comprise PLSS coordinates and ownernames of the agricultural parcels.
 13. The computer-readable storagemedium as recited in claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:searching a third freeform entry source in parallel with searching ofthe first freeform entry source and the second freeform entry source toobtain corresponding third suggested freeform entries.
 14. Thecomputer-readable storage medium as recited in claim 13, wherein thethird freeform entry source comprises a third-party street address andintersection database service that is accessed via the internet cloud.15. An automated system for search and generation of relevant searchresults, the automated system comprising: a search component, configuredto receive both discrete parameters and freeform search characters froma user interface component, wherein said discrete parameters and saidfreeform search characters are entered by a user, said search componentcomprising: a first freeform entry source and a second freeform entrysource, wherein said search component directs said first freeform entrysource and said second freeform entry source to simultaneously obtaincorresponding first suggested freeform entries and second suggestedfreeform entries; and a relevancy controller, coupled to said first andsecond freeform entry sources, configured to rank said first suggestedfreeform entries according to first rules of relevancy to said user togenerate first ranked suggested freeform entries, and configured to ranksaid second suggested freeform entries according to second rules ofrelevancy to said user to generate second ranked suggested freeformentries, and configured to combine said first and second rankedsuggested freeform entries into a combined set of suggested freeformentries, and configured to rank said combined set of suggested freeformentries according to combined rules of relevancy to said user togenerate combined ranked suggested freeform entries, and configured totransmit said combined ranked suggested freeform entries to said userinterface component for selection of a desired type ahead entry by saiduser.
 16. The automated system as recited in claim 15, wherein saiddiscrete parameters and desired type ahead entry are employed as searchcriteria to search a parcel database for agricultural parcels that meetsaid search criteria.
 17. The automated system as recited in claim 15wherein said first freeform entry source comprises an in-memory cache ofcounty names, county abbreviations, county short forms, township names,township abbreviations, and township short forms.
 18. The automatedsystem as recited in claim 15, wherein said discrete parameters anddesired type ahead entry are employed as search criteria to search anElasticsearch parcel database for agricultural parcels that meet saidsearch criteria, and wherein said second freeform entry source comprisesa customized indexing of said Elasticsearch parcel database to enablefast lookups on prefixes matching said freeform search characters. 19.The automated system as recited in claim 18, wherein said secondsuggested freeform entries comprise PLSS coordinates and owner names ofsaid agricultural parcels.
 20. The computer-readable storage medium asrecited in claim 15, wherein said search component further comprises: athird freeform entry source, wherein said search component directs saidthird freeform entry source to simultaneously obtain corresponding thirdsuggested freeform entries, wherein said third freeform entry sourcecomprises a third-party street address and intersection database servicethat is accessed via the internet cloud.